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Q. I paid roughly $3800k in tuition for 2 part time semesters at a local Junior College.  A.  $3800 works out to $980 refundable AOTC.  It takes $4000 to get the full $1000. Books and a computer also count.   Q. As for saving the $2500 credit for later, I will never meet the MAGI restrictions and will never be able to claim the credit.  Wouldn't it be my/his interest to file his taxes and claim the credit I can on his return? A. I was thinking HE would be able to claim the AOTC, in the future, not you.  But yes, it's a decision he/you will have to make; a sure $980  now vs a possible $2500 in the future. Another factor: the AOTC is not eligible for grad school, just undergrad and vocational school. Also, you can't count tuition paid by GI benefits for the AOTC. 

It should be reported on Form 1099-R.  Here's some resources you can review from TurboTax: When to Use Tax Form 1099-R: Distributions From Pensions, Annuities, Retirement, etc. and  What do all the codes in Box 7 of the 1099-R mean?

Have you confirmed that your Social Security income is taxable and has been included in income on your federal return? If it's not included in income on your federal return, there wouldn't be a deduction on your state return.

Nothing wrong with that.  Or did you mean you have no GAINS in 2024?    You get to first offset the loss against any gains you have each year so that can use more of it up. Then after applying the loss to the current gains if there is still a loss, you can take a max loss of 3,000 per year and carryover the rest.  You can't skip a year.   Do you have a -3,000 on 1040  line 7?  If it used up 180,421 of the loss for 2024 you must have had 177,421 of gains to offset.      

You can file an Ohio IT 1040 to request a refund of the incorrect OH withholding.  After you enter your W-2 and finish your federal return, start the OH return. You will reach a screen Reciprocity Wages, and you will enter the Compensation that you earned in OH while you were a resident of PA. At that point, you will receive all of your withholding back as a refund. However, if there was no withholding for PA, you will owe tax to your resident state.