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rbranch17
New Member

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

My daughter received stocks from her grandfather to help pay for college.  With the change in tax law, my understanding is we will no longer receive exemptions for dependent children.  Therefore, I'm wondering if it makes more sense for her to file independently in order to minimize capital gains tax that will be triggered as she cashes out stocks. If so, and if we continue to pay tuition (while she pays living expenses), do we qualify for the education credit if she is no longer a dependent on our tax return?

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Hal_Al
Level 15

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

Yes. The exemption deduction has been replaced by a $500 non-child dependent tax credit. There is also an education credit or deduction when your dependent is a student.  You may NOT claim the education credit, even if you pay the tuition, if she is not claimed as a dependent on your return.  As others have mentioned, a student child, under age 24, may make you eligible for the Earned Income credit.

Just as important are the dependent rules. She is not allowed to file as "independent" ("claim herself") if she qualifies, under the rules, as your dependent.

See dependent rules at 

https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Family/Rules-for-Claiming-a-Dependent-on-Your-Tax-Ret...

Your should also be aware of changes to the "Kiddie tax". A student under 24, who does not support herself by working, is subject to capital gains being taxed at trust tax rates (beginning in 2018) regardless of dependent status. 

See https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-kiddie-tax-is-getting-easier-and-maybe-cheaper-under-the-new-t...

https://www.kiplinger.com/article/taxes/T054-C005-S001-capital-gains-and-the-kiddie-tax-under-the-ne...

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6 Replies
Hal_Al
Level 15

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

Yes. The exemption deduction has been replaced by a $500 non-child dependent tax credit. There is also an education credit or deduction when your dependent is a student.  You may NOT claim the education credit, even if you pay the tuition, if she is not claimed as a dependent on your return.  As others have mentioned, a student child, under age 24, may make you eligible for the Earned Income credit.

Just as important are the dependent rules. She is not allowed to file as "independent" ("claim herself") if she qualifies, under the rules, as your dependent.

See dependent rules at 

https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Family/Rules-for-Claiming-a-Dependent-on-Your-Tax-Ret...

Your should also be aware of changes to the "Kiddie tax". A student under 24, who does not support herself by working, is subject to capital gains being taxed at trust tax rates (beginning in 2018) regardless of dependent status. 

See https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-kiddie-tax-is-getting-easier-and-maybe-cheaper-under-the-new-t...

https://www.kiplinger.com/article/taxes/T054-C005-S001-capital-gains-and-the-kiddie-tax-under-the-ne...

rbranch17
New Member

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

Thank you for the info!  So, even if she supports herself (more than 50%) with PT job and unearned income, she will be subject to 20% capital gains if capital gain income is more than $12.7K, correct?
Hal_Al
Level 15

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

Yes, if she is under 24.
kc4braves
Returning Member

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

So I had read that we could do our taxes both ways, either us claiming my college aged child or her claiming herself, to see which would be most financially beneficial.  She has a huge amount of scholarships so we thought it might be better for her to claim herself this year.  Am I understanding that we cannot do that? We do not qualify for educational credits because her scholarships pay for much more more than just tuition, fees and books.  She needs the best deal because she is still paying about $5000 of her room and board and only works randomly.
Hal_Al
Level 15

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

That is correct, she cannot claim herself, because you CAN claim her.  Whether you actually do or not, she y still can't claim herself.  But with the elimination of the personal exemption and the higher standard deduction ($12K single) , that's not as important as it used to be.


But there is a special rule that allows you to forgo her dependency  so that she can claim the non-refundable tuition credit (she is not allowed the  [up to] $1000 refundable credit). See a similar question at <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/4531097-just-because-i-can-claim-a-college-son-daughter-do-i-need-...>

Furthermore, there is a tax “loophole” available. The student reports all his scholarship, up to the amount needed to claim the American opportunity credit, as income on his return. That way, the parents  (or himself, if he is not a dependent) can claim the tuition credit on their return. They can do this because that much tuition was no longer paid by "tax free" scholarship.  You cannot do this if the school’s billing statement specifically shows the scholarships being applied to tuition or if the conditions of the grant are that it be used to pay for qualified expenses.

Using an example: Student has $10,000 in box 5 of the 1098-T and $8000 in box 1. At first glance he/she has $2000 of taxable income and nobody can claim the American opportunity credit. But if she reports $6000 as income on her return, the parents can claim $4000 of qualified expenses on their return.

Is there any advantage to claiming my college student on 2018 tax return with the loss of dependent exemptions?

Well, there is still EIC. And, you cannot just decide whether to let her claim herself. The rules must be followed. Also see:

https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/4237099-2018-estimates-500-non-child-dependent-credit-is-it-500-pe...

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