No it was not retroactive to 2017. Standard deduction increases are for tax year 2018 and beyond.
Standard deductions for 2017
- Single - $6,350 add $1,550 if age 65 or older
- Married Filing Separately - $6,350 add $1,250 if age 65 or older
- Married Filing Jointly - $12,700 add $1,250 for each spouse age 65 or older
- Head of Household - $9,350 add $1,550 if age 65 or older