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Only a "Qualifying Child" dependent qualifies your for the Earned Income Credit and Child Tax Credit and Head of Household filing status.
Although a domestic partner's child might qualify as your "other dependent", for the $500 other dependent credit, they cannot qualify you for EIC, CTC, or HoH, because they are not related.
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There are two types of dependents, "Qualifying Children"(QC) and standard/other ("Qualifying Relative" in IRS parlance even though they don't have to actually be related). There is no income limit for a QC but there is an age limit, student status, a relationship test and residence test. Only a QC qualifies a taxpayer for the Earned Income Credit and the Child Tax Credit. They are interrelated but the rules are different for each.
The support test is different for each type. The support test, for a QC, is only that the child didn't provide more than half his own support. The support test for a Qualifying Relative is that the taxpayer provided more than half the relative's support.
.A child closely related to a taxpayer can be a “Qualifying Child (QC)” dependent, regardless of the child's income, if:
See full dependent rules at: https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Family/Rules-for-Claiming-a-Dependent-on-Your-Tax-Ret...
A person can still be a Qualifying relative (other) dependent, if not a Qualifying Child, if he meets the 6 tests for claiming a dependent:
In either case:
He must have a US social security number or tax identification number (TIN)
In addition to the above requirements, to claim your domestic partner's children, they must meet all of the above requirements and:
--- your partner must not be required to file a return,
--- he/she does not file a return claiming the children
Only the kids if they qualify ...
Must be your qualifying child.
To be your qualifying child, a child must be your:
• Son, daughter, stepchild, foster child, or a descendant
of any of them (for example, your grandchild); or
• Brother, sister, half brother, half sister, stepbrother,
stepsister, or a descendant of any of them (for exam-
ple, your niece or nephew).
See IRS pub 596
https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p596.pdf
Only your children for the earned income tax credit.
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