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@Illia , thank you for your answers to my questions. (a) Have gone through the US-Ukraine tax treaty again and while there are  significant differences  ( from many others that I am aware of ) in articles treating students, researchers etc., there is nothing  that precludes  a resident/ national from "extending" tax residency .  However, I do note that Ukraine also determines tax residency  based on citizenship ( when there is ambiguity in tax residency). Also that Ukraine taxes its residents based on world income. (b) Noting that for US immigration purposes, a J visa holder  is allowed 30 days of stay-over at the end of  contract with the sponsor  ( J visa sponsoring org.) Therefore my conclusion that  there is nothing preventing your parents filing a MFJ for the whole of 2025 as long as they include /allow /recognize  their world income for the entire  calendar year.  For 2026 they then have only 1040-NR to file covering any US sourced income. Unless they plan to come back to US, they should consult with a tax-professional (familiar with  international taxation) on how to proceed with tax deferred accounts like 401(k) or similar.   Is there more I can do for you ?   pk

@Opus 17 wrote: Looks like Roth is the way to go.  Or am I missing something? Yes; age, risk tolerance, personal, including financial, situation.   EX: Young (young-ish) married couple with 2 kids. Combined income of $100,000. If they're living in an apartment paying rent, they might be infinitely better off using the $100k as a down payment on a house. 

In your other question you said you received a bonus that was paid in 2025, after you left the company.  If there are 401k contributions on the bonus check, then you are a participant for all of 2025. 

They've always been different, we don't really know why.  The one time they tried making desktop more similar to online, it was by reducing the features of desktop, and the desktop users revolted.  (I believe that desktop has more net profit than online because desktop users need less support, but that's just an impression I remember from a news story a long time ago.  They probably make more gross income from online since there are so many extra cost add-ons.)

What info do they want?  From who?  Did you get an email saying to finish filing or something?  You might have another account and it was just from the Marketing Dept.  which you can ignore.     Or when did you file?  If you efiled was it Accepted?  

First you need to check if your tax return was Accepted.    When you efile you get back 2 emails. The first email only confirms the transmission. The second email says if the IRS (or state) Accepted or Rejected your efile. Check back though your emails and spam/junk folder. When you log into your account you should also see the status and if it was Accepted or Rejected, Started, Printed, Ready to Mail, etc. What does it say?   How to check your efile status https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/electronic-filing/check-e-file-status/L9XhHDPtD_US_en_US?uid=lvriwl8j

Why do you think you have to file again?     DID YOU E-FILE?   Did you e-file?   Did you go through all three steps of the FILE section and click a big orange button that said “Transmit my returns now?”     When you e-file your return you will get two emails from TurboTax.  The first one will say your return has been transmitted; the second one will tell you the IRS has accepted  or rejected your federal e-file.  If you filed a state return, there will be a third email (usually a day or two later) that tells you if the state e-file was accepted or rejected.   Check your e-file status:   https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/efile-status-lookup/    What does it say in your account?  Does it show that the return was accepted?   Or does it say something else---like "rejected," "printed," or "ready to mail?”  

If you do not pay in enough tax from withholding and estimates, you may have to pay a penalty for underpayment of estimated tax. The penalty is an Estimated amount. Even if you are getting a refund you can still owe a penalty for not paying in evenly during the year. Generally, most taxpayers will avoid this penalty if they owe less than $1,000 in tax after subtracting their withholdings and credits, or if they paid at least 90% of the tax for the current year, or 100% of the tax shown on the return for the prior year, whichever is smaller. It is included in your tax due or reduces your refund. If you get a penalty on 1040 line 38, you might be able to eliminate it or at least reduce it. You can go to Federal Taxes tab or Personal tab, under Other Tax Situations and select Start by the Underpayment Penalties. You will answer a series of questions that may reduce or eliminate the penalty. Or you can elect to have the IRS figure the penalty for you. It's form 2210.   It's under Federal tab or Personal (for Home & Business Desktop) Other Tax Situations Additional Tax Payments Underpayment Penalties - Click the Start or update button IRS Form 2210 https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2210.pdf IRS Form 2210 Instructions https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i2210.pdf  

there are certain obnoxious feature that come standard with w11 though they can be uninstalled or disabled. One Drive automatically store copies of documents you create on Google One Drive. you worry about your info being ion Intuit's servers. that's no different than your data being stored on the web in One Drive.  MS Edge which is now an integral part of the W11 OS allows MS to track your browsing history. clearing that after use may do nothing to prevent you from getting targeted ads. Might Try a different browser but do they all snoop to target ads.  

If your federal refund is enough to cover your TurboTax fees PLUS the extra “refund processing” fee of $40 ($45 in CA) and your forms are ready then when you are in the FILE section you can choose to have your fees deducted from your federal refund by a third party bank, who will take out your fees and send you the rest of your refund after the IRS issues the refund.    What is Refund Processing Service?     How can I see my TurboTax  fees?      https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/intuit-account-billing/review-fees-turbotax-online/L1XnIzgzg_US_en_US?uid=m682vq7k