If they lived with you for the entire year, and their parent did not, then you would be the only one entitled to claim them. To claim a child as a qualifying child, they must live with your for more than 6 months out of the year. You would not be able to figure out if someone else claimed them without filing a return. If it is rejected for duplicate SSN then someone else probably claimed them. You would need to print and mail your 2023 return anyways, so you would end up getting a letter from the IRS asking for proof that they lived with you and not the other person who claimed them (IF someone else did)
Yes, when you get your 2 year old grandsons SSN you can amend your return to add him as a dependent.
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