How do I pay for my taxes using a check?

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Do you mean how to pay your tax due to the IRS or your state?  You make out a check payable to the U.S. Treasury for federal and mail it with the 1040V voucher.  Use a mailing service that will track it like UPS or certified mail so you know it was received. https://www.irs.gov/filing/where-to-file-paper-tax-returns-with-or-without-a-payment

 See the instructions for your state on the state's tax site: https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/1901670-how-do-i-contact-my-state-department-of-revenue