Do I enter what I paid as my taxes owed for 2017 in 2018 somewhere on my 2018 return I'm filing now?

[xmasbaby0]

Not if what you paid was for federal tax.   Federal tax paid for a prior year is not deductible on your 2018 return.

The money you paid to the IRS for a previous year’s federal tax return is not deductible, so you do not enter it anywhere on your 2018 return.  If you paid taxes due in 2018 to your state or local government, you can enter that by going to Federal> Deductions and Credits> Estimates and Other Taxes Paid> Other Income Taxes.  You can enter the taxes you paid, but do not include any penalties or interest.

There are six states that allow you to enter the federal tax you paid on your state return--Alabama, Iowa. Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, and Oregon.  If you are filing in one of these states watch for the deduction when you prepare your state return.