Maybe for NY, No for DC, and MD is irrelevant for you. Your situation is somewhat complicated because of your residency situation. Your are a domiciliary resident of NY, and a statutory resident of DC. This website explains DC statutory residency: DC Statutory Residency Because of your statutory residency status for DC (you "maintained an abode" in DC for more than 183 days, since you had an apartment there), DC is the primary "state" taxing authority over your MD income. Maryland would be the primary taxing district (normally the nonresident state gets "first dibs" in the pecking order), but MD and DC have a reciprocity agreement, meaning that you are taxed in DC and not MD for your income. New York also taxes all of your income, because you are domiciled in New York (your main home). Both DC and NY have different treatments regarding Unreimbursed Job Expenses, which is what your expenses would be considered, if they qualify as deductions.
New York has "decoupled" from the TCJA provisions, which means that New York will allow you to itemize on the NY State return even if you do not qualify to itemize on the Federal Return. It is also one of the few states that is still allowing Unreimbursed Job Expenses to be included in your NY itemized deductions. For additional information, click on the following link: NY Itemized Deductions and click on the drop-down arrow under the heading Job expenses and certain miscellaneous deductions. New York operates under the "old rules" (pre-TCJA). Your tax home (by IRS definition), would still be New York, if, according to the following reference Temporary Assignment or Job (click for more information):
If your assignment or job away from your main place of work is temporary, your tax home doesn’t change. You are considered to be away from home for the whole period you are away from your main place of work. You can deduct your travel expenses if they otherwise qualify for deduction. Generally, a temporary assignment in a single location is one that is realistically expected to last (and does in fact last) for 1 year or less. (Bolding added for emphasis)
The fact that you switched jobs and started a new job is not addressed in IRS Publication 463, cited above. Even though you started a new job, if your assignment in Maryland was expected to last (and did in fact last) for 1 year or less, with the anticipation that you are returning to NY to continue the job permanently in New York, Pre-TCJA rules would have allowed deductions (as an employee) for your temporary assignment travel expenses. Since NY still follows the pre-TCJA rules, they would allow these expenses if they qualify. If you do claim them on your NY return, make sure you have documentation that proves that your assignment was, in fact, temporary, or they could be disallowed.
To get these deductions over to the NY return in TurboTax, you will look for the Unreimbursed Employee Job Expenses (Form 2106) section, and input the information. You can access this section by logging into your return, typing "2106" in the Search box (upper right-hand portion of the screen, with the magnifying glass), and clicking on the Jump to link provided. Although these expenses will not appear on your Federal Return, because they are no longer allowed there, they should appear on your NY return.
Although you can still get this deduction in NY, however, the benefit may be limited. DC only allows you to itemize what the Federal Return allows you to itemize. Since the Federal Return will not allow an itemized deduction for your job expenses, DC will not allow it either. Thus, DC will still tax all of your income as normal. Since DC is first in the taxing pecking order, the normal provision is that NY will provide a credit for the tax you pay to DC on the same income, with a maximum of what NY taxes that income. Let's say your DC tax on the income was $4,000, and the NY tax would have been $4500 without itemized deductions. NY would have given you a $4000 credit for the tax you pay to DC, bringing your NY tax liability down to $500. However, because of itemized deductions, you only pay $3500 in New York tax. DC tax is still $4000, however. So NY will give you a $3500 credit for tax paid to DC, which means you pay no additional tax to NY, but get no refund for the $500 additional paid to DC. Thus, your tax savings for itemizing in NY was limited to $500.
Therefore, it is possible you could see some benefit, but it is likely that it will be a limited benefit. Still, if there is some benefit, that is still better than no benefit at all.
{Edited 1/2/20:7:01 PST}
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