Why don't my work expenses (computer and phone) have an effect on my refund amounts?

[sceptre2017]

#1 Job related work expenses are itemized deductions.  If you do not take the itemized deductions then you will get no benefit from them.  Based on your Turbo tax online program it looks like you are not taking the itemized deductions or you would have needed to upgrade. most likely you are taking the larger standard deduction and would be better off keeping this. 

#2 Even if you are taking an itemized deduction, job related expenses are harder to get than some itemized deduction.  You are only allowed to take expenses related to your job which exceed 2% of your Adjusted Gross income (AGI). So if your AGI is 50,000 then 2% of that is 1,000.  So the first 1,000 of job related expenses would NOT count as a deduction, and only the amounts above $1,000 would help you.