Typically, the credits that you qualify for are included in the final refund amount. Based on the information you shared, you would have owed the state $427 without qualifying for the credits.
Usually, when we see a decrease in refund year-over-year, it's because of one of a few reasons, either:
- income went up but withholding didn't go up proportionally (or it went down),
- withholding payments went down, or
- credits went down