I believe I was the victim of a Ponzi-type scheme (“Terraform Labs PTE Ltd” and founder Do Hyeong Kwon) and want to file a loss with IRS Form 4684, Section C. My losses were more than my 2022 income. How do I carry over the additional losses and not have them subject to the $3,000 per year limit for my 2023 taxes? I contacted the IRS and they said it was outside their areas of responsibility (yeah, crazy!)
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If you have a net operating loss, then such loss is carried over to the next tax year and is entered on Schedule 1 as a negative amount. A net operating loss is not subject to the capital loss limitations. However, while a net operating loss can be incurred as a result of taking a theft loss deduction (and a Ponzi scheme loss is arguably a theft), the theft has to be the result of a federally declared disaster. While your loss is important, it is probably not the result of a federally declared disaster. Thus, based on your information, you may not be able to carry over your loss even though such loss is greater than your taxable income. This issue is rather complicated and adding the Ponzi scheme allegations/facts does not make it any less complicated. Thus, you may need to discuss the matter with another financial professional.
To provide at least some background information, a loss incurred in connection with a Ponzi scheme is an itemized deduction and thus, after being entered on Form 4684, it will appear on Schedule A, Itemized Deductions. TurboTax does not support Form 4684, at least in the Step-by-Step section. Thus, assuming you feel confident that you can claim such loss, you will need to go into Forms mode in TurboTax. Forms mode is only available if you are using TurboTax CD/download versions. To go into Forms mode, select Forms in the upper right of your screen. You will have to enter Form 4684 in the search bar and select the Casualty & Theft Worksheet. Enter a description. Click on Add Form.
Then follow these steps:
Lastly, we strongly encourage you to review IRS Rev. Rul. 2009-9, and Rev. Proc. 2009-20,--as to the proper treatment of losses from certain investment arrangements later discovered to be fraudulent. The former addresses the tax treatment of losses from Ponzi schemes in the light of section 165 of the Internal Revenue Code. The latter provides an optional safe harbor under which qualified investors may treat a loss as a theft loss deduction when certain conditions are met.
what type of Ponzi loss? normally the loss goes on Schedule A line 16 with no carryover. there is no $3K/year limitation if you are doing it correctly. TurboTax does not handle Ponzi losses so you are on your own and should consult with tax pro for proper reporting
Is it still possible to carryback a Ponzi scheme loss for two years? Or only carried forward? I thought all such carrybacks except for farming had been abolished in 2020, but I see sites saying the Ponzi scheme can still be carried back a few years. I can't find anything in IRS guidelines that specifically abolishes the carryback for Ponzi losses, but maybe that type of loss was part of a general group of losses denied carryback in 2020. Anybody out there know the correct answer?
it's not the PONZI loss that would get carried forward. you have to determine whether you have an NOL for the year using either form 1045 schedule A or the NOL worksheet in PUB 536
https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1045.pdf
https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p536.pdf
if you have an NOL for 2021-2023, it can no longer be carried back but must be carried forward IRC Sec 172
for an NOL in 2018,2019,2020 must be carried back 5 years 172(b)(1)(D)
there is also a taxable income limitation
80% of taxable income for those arising in years after 2017
Thanks for that excellent clarification!
I have a NOL in 2022 as a result of Theft Loss Deduction taken using rev-proc2009-20 (theft loss from Ponzi Scheme) with Safe harbor option.
I am working on computing the carry-over to 2023.
Do I follow P536 for 2019 or 2023 (there is no specific P536 for 2022)?
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