20 year old dependent full-time student. $3213 W-2 income working as a course assistant in 2024.
Had an award for $2000 and provost fellowship for $5500 doing research over the summer and fall. Had only 310 in 1099-INT income. Parents paid for rent and tuition all year well over $90K!
Federal 1040 Line 1a 3213, 2b taxable interest 310 , Line 8 Additional income of 7500 from Schedule 1 line 10.
Standard deduction for dependent is 11163 and since my total is 11023, Federal tax shows a refund of my $10 paid in W-2 withholding.
For CA, it is creating Form 3800 and counting 7500+310 as unearned income and asking for parents Form 540 income and taxes. Is this correct? Only 310 is really unearned interest income. The award and fellowship are not taxable on Federal return, but are in CA at parents' rate?
Read all the other Form 3800 questions on this discussion, none seem to apply in this case. Can't figure out which interview question is answered incorrectly on Fed/CA state. Please help.
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Q. Do I owe kiddie tax on my fellowships?
A. No, not on your federal return. But, this is only because your total income was below your standard deduction. You apparently successfully enter the award and provost fellowship amounts on line 8r of schedule 1, as scholarships.
Scholarships are a hybrid between earned and unearned income. It is earned income for purposes of the $14,600 filing requirement (2024) and the dependent standard deduction calculation (earned income + $450). It is not earned income for the kiddie tax and other purposes (e.g. EIC). For grad students and post grad fellows, scholarship, stipend and fellowship income is earned income ("compensation") for IRA contributions.
I'm not specifically familiar with California, but am surprised this is coming up. You may have triggered it by answering something wrong.
Thanks.
Undergraduate student involved here. Did not get any paperwork for this provost fellowship or award, just credited to my college student account periodically and I withdrew it to my bank account. Did not have any state tax withheld in CA on the W-2, so I guess I don't need to file, but shouldn't TurboTax tell me that?
Last year (no fellowships or awards) I worked in summer and got $8 back, even though I had asked that employer not to withhold any state taxes. Can I not file 2024 CA taxes if I did in 2023?
Also, I thought Federal standard deduction for dependents is supposed to be earned income plus $450. My total was 11023 and dependent deduction calculated by Turbotax was 11163. Both are below the regular standard deduction, so that doesn't seem right either.
Q. Can I not file 2024 CA taxes if I did in 2023?
A. Yes.
Q. Also, I thought Federal standard deduction for dependents is supposed to be earned income plus $450.
A. Yes. Technically, $1300 or earned income plus $450, but not more than $14,600. Taxable scholarship is earned income for this purpose.
Q. Dependent deduction calculated by Turbotax was 11163?
A. That's correct. $3213 + 2000 + 7500 + 450 = $11,163.
Q. My total was 11023?
Total what?
Q. Both are below the regular standard deduction, so that doesn't seem right either?
A. What doesn't seem right. A dependents standard deduction is $1300 or earned income plus $450, but not more than $14,600.
Thank you. Trying to do the right thing, but I'm now wondering whether to file a federal return for $10 refund either! Spent way too much time on this.
CA FTB form 540 instructions say under who must file :
Dependent of another person of any age must file if gross income exceeds standard deduction and Turbotax has the deduction at 5540 for me .
Not sure if gross income includes the fellowship, but I guess it does. Their definition is all income received from all sources in the form of money, goods, property, and services that are not exempt from tax.
Also found this, so they seem to be lumping my 7500 into investment income.
California law conforms to federal law which allows parents’ election to report a child’s interest and dividend income from a child under age 19 or a full-time student under age 24 on the parent’s tax return. For each child under age 19 or full-time student under age 24 who received more than $2,600 of investment income in 2024, complete Form 540 and form FTB 3800, Tax Computation for Certain Children with Unearned Income, to figure the tax on a separate Form 540 for your child.
Something in the federal return is making the CA form trigger this , I think Form 8615, which also entered 7500 + 310 as unearned income. Eventually, it came to 0 on this form, but it went over to CA Form 3800.
Error in my calculation for federal deduction, I included the 310 in interest income My deduction calculation was $3213 + 2000 + 7500 +310 +450.
Maybe, I just start afresh. I cannot find what interview question triggered this.
I did a little more research on this. Again, I'm generally not familiar with California.
That said, it appears that TurboTax (TT) is doing it correctly. You ARE subject to the Kiddie Tax on the CA return. Yes, it's form 8615 that triggers it. Line 5 says "Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 4. If zero (and it is 0 in your case), stop; do not complete the rest of this form but do attach it to the child’s return."
The difference is that on the federal form 8615, your federal standard deduction makes your taxable income $0 and nothing is subject to the kiddie tax. Because the CA standard deduction is less than your total income, you technically have taxable income. There is usually no tax, on a normal form 540 because the first $10,756 is not taxed. But in the case of CA form 3800, you will get taxed. It's basically a California "Gotcha"
And you are required to file a CA return at $5540 income.
References:
https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/2023/2023-3800-instructions.html
https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/2022/2022-3800.pdf
Thanks, @Hal_AI. Read some more stuff on students and scholarships and I started over again, even re-entering my personal information.
This time, as soon as I entered student as occupation it went to the Education section and I entered my 1098-T which was previously missing. On that, the scholarship listed is 3000 and box1 $75K. With all that stuff entered and adding additional scholarship, it shows the full $7500 as education assistance that is tax free.
No form 8615, Schedule 1 also disappeared and CA has no form 3800 or tax liability. I am still at $10 federal refund also.
Why is the amount of scholarship on 1098-T only $3000 (I guess my school should know) , and did I just turn it from completely taxable to tax free?
What about 1099-Q? Is it required? I have one, but I thought it goes on the parents' return. They paid directly from 529.
Wondering again if I did something incorrectly.
Q. Why is the amount of scholarship on 1098-T only $3000 (I guess my school should know) , and did I just turn it from completely taxable to tax free?
A. The question is academic. With that much tuition, we know that none of the scholarship is taxable.
Q. What about 1099-Q? Is it required? I have one, but I thought it goes on the parents' return. They paid directly from 529.
A. No, as long as the distribution was less than the adjusted qualified educational expenses (AQEE).
Q. Wondering again if I did something incorrectly.
A You assumed the $7500 was taxable because it didn't appear on the 1098-T. Now, you're allocating it to the tuition, so it's not taxable. That may or may not be allowable depending on the terms/conditions of the $2000 award and $5000 provost fellowship.
Thanks, @Hal_Al . So should I not file state taxes at all since nothing is due? I'd rather not spend $25 e-file fee.
Also, you mentioned Roth IRA in one of your responses. As an undergraduate, I can only put up to the W-2 amount, right?
Q. So should I not file state taxes at all since nothing is due?
A. Yes, if you are treating the scholarship as non taxable.
Q. For the Roth IRA, as an undergraduate, I can only put up to the W-2 amount, right?
A. Yes.
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