Thank you for your question. So as a US citizen, you must pay U.S. taxes on foreign income and income such as a 401k, and potentially Social Security (See Note). If you have a part-time job in a foreign country that income could be subject to income tax in that country as well, though the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion may apply (See: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/foreign-earned-income-exclusion) or the Foreign Tax Credit as well. You may also need to file a tax return in the foreign country depending upon the level of the part-time earnings.
So there are a good deal of facts that would play into this.
Note: You must pay taxes on up to 85% of your Social Security benefits if you file a: Federal tax return as an “individual” and your “combined income” exceeds $25,000. Joint return, and you and your spouse have “combined income” of more than $32,000
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