The IRS (and TurboTax) actually treats boats with sleeping, cooking, and toilet facilities very similarly to a vacation house.
Because you used the boat for personal reasons for more than 14 da...
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The IRS (and TurboTax) actually treats boats with sleeping, cooking, and toilet facilities very similarly to a vacation house.
Because you used the boat for personal reasons for more than 14 days (and more than 10% of the rental days), the IRS considers this a "dwelling unit used as a home." You cannot simply deduct 50% of everything.
You must divide expenses into two categories (for a dual-use residence):
Direct Rental Expenses: Expenses that only apply to the rental (e.g., a commission paid to a charter agent or extra insurance for the rental period). These are 100% deductible against rental income.
Allocated Indirect Expenses: These are your "50/50" expenses (maintenance, slip fees, cleaning, fuel, etc.). You can only deduct these expenses up to the amount of rental income you earned (the "Hobby Loss" Limit);.
You must deduct interest and taxes first, then operating expenses, then depreciation (only until your rental income hits zero);.
Most boat owners should use Schedule E ("passive" rental activity)... you provide the boat and basic services (e.g., cleaning between rentals, maintenance). There is no self-employment tax.
Divide your shared expenses (maintenance, dockage) by the total days of use to find the rental portion, but don't expect to claim a net loss on your 1040.
You should use Schedule C (Profit or Loss from Business)... if you run a "charter business" or "hotel on water" (e.g. you provide substantial services primarily for the guest's convenience -- you act as the captain/crew, provide meals, or offer daily maid service).
You might be able to deduct a loss against your other income (if you "materially participate"), but you must pay the 15.3% self-employment tax on your profits.