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If his only income was from the 1099-NEC as you described, it is under the filing threshold for a dependent and he doesn't need to file for California.   See this Franchise Tax Board webpage for the filing threshold criteria.    @Cat_Sushi 

TurboTax desktop does not support Windows 10 for the 2025 tax year.    If you want to use a desktop version of TurboTax and are running Windows, you need to be running Windows 11.   You can, of course, use any operating system if you want to use an online version of TurboTax.

Thank you for all the information.  I have filed a New York nonresident return reporting zero New York–source income. I am considering asking my employer to prepare a letter. If so, what specific language should it include (e.g., no requirement to report to New York, no services performed in New York, and work performed entirely outside New York)? BTW, are you a tax professional? thank you!

If you received a lawsuit settlement for which you were paid back wages, enter the wages and the withholding in the Income - Wages section of TurboTax just as you would any Form W-2, as long as there are wages in Box 1.   If the lawsuit settlement also included damages, they are normally reported on a Form 1099-MISC. If you received one, it will also need to be entered on your return.   If you have questions about what any of the items on the "pay stub" represent, contact the law firm or other provider of the information.   See this help article for more information about reporting legal settlements in TurboTax.  

Thanks so much for the detailed explanation! However, I'm now a bit confused about the CT regulations. I'm an international student on an F1 visa. I stayed in my leased place for more than 183 days in CT in 2025. From the CT regulations (https://portal.ct.gov/drs/individuals/nonresident-part-year/tax-information#whomustfile), I am a resident for 2025 if:    - Connecticut was my domicile (permanent legal residence) for the entire 2025 taxable year, or  - I was not domiciled in Connecticut, but you maintained a permanent place of abode in Connecticutduring the entire 2025 taxable year and spent a total of more than 183 days in Connecticut during the2025 taxable year.   They also define the permanant place of abode by: a residence (a building or structure where a person can live) that youpermanently maintain, whether or not you own it, and generall includes a residence owned by or leased toyour spouse. A place of abode is not permanent if it is maintained only during a temporary stay for the accomplishment of a particular purpose.   I did lease it and legally stayed there, but I can also interpret it as 'I'm living in CT for accomplishment of my study'. So I technically should be regarded as CT nonresident, even if I'm already a resident alien for federal tax purposes?

The most appropriate category is generally considered to be "Other (not classified)". FAMLI is a post-tax premium, not a tax, and does not need to be classified as a deductible tax for state or federal income taxes. FAMLI premiums are withheld from your pay after taxes have been applied, meaning they do not reduce your federal taxable wages.   Classifying Box 14 items as an "other deductible state tax" (such as state disability, SDI, or mandatory union dues) on a W-2 tells TurboTax that the amount is a deductible expense, potentially lowering your federal or state taxable income. This is not the case.   Classifying Box 14 items as Other (not classified) tells TurboTax that the amount represents miscellaneous, non-standardized deductions—(such as uniform payments) that usually do not impact federal income tax calculations.    Please return to Community if you have any additional information or questions and we would be happy to help.