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In general, your tax payments (from withholding or estimated payments or both) must closely match the tax you owe at the end of the year.  If you owe a large amount when you file your return, you can be assessed a penalty even if you pay in full when you file.  This is an underpayment penalty, for underpaying what you owed over the year.   One situation that can cause an underpayment penalty is a lump sum of income late in the year, such as capital gains from sale of property, or a large RMD or other retirement withdrawal, or Roth IRA conversion.     If you had an underpayment penalty in a prior year, it would be reflected on form 2210 attached to your tax return, or you would get a bill from the IRS, or both.  You can also check your account transcript.  I suppose it is possible that the IRS calculated a penalty for 2024, and this notice/reminder for 2025 was sent before the bill for 2024, but that seems a bit unlikely.  https://www.irs.gov/individuals/get-transcript   Assuming the letter is legitimate, the IRS does not know your current year tax situation.  They don't know if you are under-paying or under-withheld this year.  And even if you did owe a penalty in a previous year, that does not mean you are under-withheld this year, if your situation has changed.  So the letter would just be a reminder to check your finances.  We would need to know more about your tax history, such as how much did you owe last year, did you ever get a notice about a penalty, and did your last tax return include a penalty on form 2210, have you had large lump sum income in the end of the year, and so on.  If you want to see if your withholding is on track for 2025, use this calculator https://www.irs.gov/individuals/tax-withholding-estimator   Or, if the letter is a scam, it might be attempting to trick you to make a payment at a fake site.  Direct payments to the IRS can only be made at www.irs.gov/payments. 

As others said, you must first open an HSA somewhere, then ask your ex to perform the transfer.  Your ex will likely need to provide some proof of the divorce order to their HSA bank.  If your ex does not cooperate, contact your attorney or the court.     Note that this is not considered a contribution by you.   You are not allowed to make contributions yourself (according to your current insurance situation), but once the money is in your HSA, you can make tax-free withdrawals to pay for qualified medical expenses.  (Yes, even though you can't make tax-deductible contributions, you can make tax-free withdrawals for medical expenses.)   Or, you can withdraw the money not for medical expenses, but you will pay income tax plus a 20% penalty.  

Similar to an IRA, your share of the HSA must be moved by trustee-to-trustee transfer as a transfer incident to divorce.  The funds are not permitted to be paid from your ex's HSA directly to you.   As rjs indicates, you must have your own HSA to receive the transfer.  Easiest would be to establish your HSA at Optum, at least initially, otherwise the transfer would need to be coordinated between different HSA custodians.  Once you have an HSA to receive the transfer, the transfer would be done under the instruction of your ex, the present accountholder, who needs to provide Optum with a copy of the divorce decree that stipulates the split.  If your  own HSA is at Optum, the transfer would be accomplished entirely within Optum.  (If your ex is uncooperative, contact your attorney.)  Establishing the HSA to receive the transfer and providing your ex with the account information is all that you need to do.  Your ex must do the rest.

Do you mean you are not sure if your 2023 return was accepted or rejected?     Did you e-file?   Did you go through all three steps of the FILE section and click a big orange button that said “Transmit my returns now?”     When you e-file your return you will get two emails from TurboTax.  The first one will say your return has been transmitted; the second one will tell you the IRS has accepted  or rejected your federal e-file.  If you filed a state return, there will be a third email (usually a day or two later) that tells you if the state e-file was accepted or rejected.   Check your e-file status:   https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/efile-status-lookup/    What does it say in your account?  Does it show that the return was accepted?   Or does it say something else---like "rejected," "printed," or "ready to mail?”   If you discover or realize that your e-file was rejected, you will need to print it, sign and date it in ink, and file it by mail now, since e-filing is closed for returns for tax year 2023.   Many rejections are for AGI.   You only need AGI in order to e-file; since it is not possible to e-file 2023, AGI no longer matters for 2023.  If your rejection was for AGI, just print, sign and mail the return without changing anything.     If it was rejected for something else that requires you to make a change or correction:    You will be able to access the 2023 return you started by using the exact same account and user ID that you used when you started it.   But you can no longer use online software for any further changes.       Start a 2024  return online and enter some personal information  so that the menu on the left opens up and lets you access your past year returns.   Online tax preparation and e-filing for 2023 returns is now permanently closed.    Now it is too late to use online software or to e-file. If you have any changes/corrections at all to make to your 2023 return, you now have to complete it using desktop software, which you must download to a full PC or Mac  (not to a mobile device).Then you need to print, sign and mail it.   https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/printers-printing/finish-prior-year-return-started-turbotax-online/L9Oe4M90A_US_en_US?uid=m68tffpe   If you already paid for your online software you can ask customer support for a download of the desktop software.   They are available from 5 a.m. to 9p.m. Pacific time daily   https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/1899263-what-is-the-turbotax-phone-number     If you are getting a refund, there is no penalty for filing late.  If you owe tax due, then file and pay the amount due as shown on the Form 1040, but expect a bill later from the IRS for the penalty and interest you will owe.  Only the IRS will calculate this—TurboTax will not calculate it.     When you mail a tax return, you need to attach any documents showing tax withheld, such as your W-2’s or any 1099’s.  Use a mailing service that will track it, such as UPS or certified mail so you will know the IRS/state received the return.   Federal and state returns must be in separate envelopes and they are mailed to different addresses.  Read the mailing instructions that print with your tax return carefully so you mail them to the right addresses.        

Who is "they" that said your refund was sent?    "Checks" are not sent to your bank.    Only a direct deposit could be issued to your bank account.   If you are receiving a refund check, a paper check would be mailed to the address you entered on your Form 1040.   What does it say on the IRS refund site?   First, check your e-file status to see if your return was accepted:  https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/efile-status-lookup/   Once your federal return has been accepted by the IRS, only the IRS has any control.  TurboTax does not receive any updates from the IRS. Your ONLY source of information about your refund now is the IRS.     You need your filing status, your Social Security number and the exact amount  (line 35a of your 2024 Form 1040) of your federal refund to track your Federal refund:    https://www.irs.gov/refunds  

If you have an actual bank account to which you can deposit your refund check and wait for the check to clear, you should not have any problem at all.   Consider opening an account with a brick and mortar bank and deposit the check.    If you lack a bank account and are just trying to cash a large check somewhere, then yes, it will be a problem.   We cannot tell you who will cash that check  in your area if you do not have a bank account.

TurboTax software for years earlier than 2021 is no longer available.    You can only use TT for 2021, 2022, 2023 or 2024----and only if you use TT to prepare the federal returns for those years.  When you use Turbo Tax software, the information flows from the federal return to the state return.   You could seek local paid help to get caught up on those state returns or you could look for the state forms on the state tax website to prepare by hand.   Past year returns cannot be e-filed; they must be filed by mail.   https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/state-taxes/contact-state-department-revenue/L9qVToi02_US_en_US?uid=m6e06um0