This is difficult to answer without knowing all of your information, but Section 1231 gain is indeed long term Capital gain. Capital gain can be taxed as high as 20%, depending on your other taxable income. In addition it can trigger Net Investment Income tax, which you can tell by seeing if there's an entry on Line 62b on your 1040. Also, a large gain could phase out the allowed amount of your Itemized deductions and Personal exemptions, and can affect other deductions and credits as well. It is probably a combination of these items that is causing the total jump in your tax.