Your only proof of payment is your bank statement or credit card showing the payment coming out. Turbo Tax only passes your bank account number to the IRS or state for them to take it out of your account. (Most states do not let you pay by Direct Debit so you have to mail in a check or go directly to the state's website to pay). And some banks use different routing numbers for deposits and payments. Double check the number you entered with your bank.
Check the cover sheet and see how you were supposed to pay it.