I chose to pay federal income tax due with a credit card but never received receipt from 3rd party payment portal. Is there a time delay between acceptance and charging?

[DawnC]

Yes.   Did you enter a future date for the payment to be taken?    If you did not schedule a date, they will take the funds whenever they are done processing the return.    You can check the first page of your printed or saved PDF copy of your tax return.   The first page (or 2) are filing instructions.    Page 1 should show how you paid your tax bill (federal and state separately) and when it was scheduled for, if applicable.  

[TaxLawyerCPAinOhio]

If you don't want play Russian Roulette with when the payment will be take. Pay through IRS.GOV and select the payment date.