You may be able to claim him as a dependent and get a $500 Other dependent credit if he earned less than $4,150. However, since he did not live with you for MORE than half the year you cannot claim head of household by claiming him.
In order to claim Head of Household, he would have had to live with you for MORE than 6 months.
He would not qualify you for the EITC because he did not live with you for more than 6 months.
https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/individuals/earned-income-tax-credit/qualifying-child-rules
As for the effect on his SSI, you would have to contact SSI about that.
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