How is "refund allocated to tax paid ater 12/31/2023" on the State and Local Income Tax Refund Worksheet calculated?

[BrittanyS]

A state tax refund is only taxable when the refund itself makes your itemized deduction larger than the amount you would have received by taking either the standard deduction or claiming general sales tax. If your state tax deduction was limited by the cap on State and Local Tax (SALT) only the refund in excess of the limit would be taxable. 

See the link below for more information:

• Are State Tax Refund Taxable