You can apply for an ITIN number for your spouse living in China; but depending how you file your United States tax return, it may not be necessary. Please allow us to explain in the detailed answer below. There is a lot of information contained here.
If you are a United States
citizen (or a Permanent Resident) and are married to a non-citizen, then you
have some options on how to file your USA tax return, although current United
States tax laws do not make this process particularly easy.
Option # 1: You can file your US tax return as Married Filing
Separately (which is usually a somewhat unfavorable tax filing status), and
just report your own income there. TurboTax can walk you through this
process, and help you create the necessary Form 1040. If your spouse does
not already have an ITIN number, or a Social Security number, then this return
would have to further be printed and paper filed. If your spouse has a
valid ITIN or SSN, then the tax return would be eligible for e-filing. If
there is no ITIN or SSN, then in any place where the nonresident spouse's taxpayer
ID number is required on a tax form, you would take a black or blue pen and
manually write "nonresident alien" or abbreviate as "NRA."
You can also claim a personal
exemption for your spouse, if your spouse had no gross taxable income for U.S.
tax purposes, and was not the dependent of another taxpayer. This mirrors
the similar rule for US citizens and resident aliens filing as Married Filing
Separately to claim the personal (dependency) exemption for their spouse, where
that spouse has no taxable income, is not filing a separate tax return, and is
not claimed as a dependent on any other taxpayer’s return. But, in order
to do this and claim the personal exemption, your spouse must also have a valid
Social Security Number or an ITIN.
Option # 2: You can elect to include your
nonresident spouse on your US income tax return (which may be more or less tax
favorable than Married Filing Separately); and file as Married Filing Jointly;
but you would need to file a paper Form 1040 tax return in order to do
so. The somewhat complicated process for completing this type of tax
return is explained in detail at the IRS.gov website here:
https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/u-s-citizens-and-resident-aliens-abroad...
Such a tax return (Option # 2) is probably best done by a professional tax
preparer.
If you choose Option # 1 and have any difficultly with that, then having the
tax return prepared by a professional is also an option here too.
TurboTax has a helpful
Frequently Asked Questions webpage about this subject, and you may wish to look
at that as well. Here is the link:
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Taxes-101/Claiming-a-Non-Citizen-Spouse-and-Children-...
Also, you can read the complete answer to a similar question that was asked
here about a year ago. There is some good information and advice in there
as well:
https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/3089728-how-can-i-file-taxes-with-my-new-foreign-spouse-who-doesn-...
Thank you for asking this important question.
