Can I look up a banks name by their tax id number? I have a 1099-B and there is no payer name and address on it?

[Carl]

Unfortunately, no. TINs (Tax Identification Number) are to a business, just like an SSN is to an individual. They are not publicly available. If you don't have the TIN on a statement or some other tax reporting document from the issuer, then you will have to contact the issuer to get the TIN.