Can i deduct income that I paid out to a sub contractor without them having tax documentation?

[wryanc1986]

This was a "helper" that I paid out of my own income, but that was not officially on any payroll, or documented on any tax forms.

[JamesG1]

Yes.

On your Schedule C Profit and Loss from Business, you may report as an expense the casual labor that does not rise to the $600 level for reporting an IRS form 1099-NEC. See Instructions for Forms 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC, page 7 here.

Specific Instructions for Form 1099-NEC File Form 1099-NEC

Nonemployee Compensation, for each person in the course of your business to whom you have paid the following during the year. 

At least $600 in: 1. Services performed by someone who is not your employee (including parts and materials) (box 1).

[VolvoGirl]

Are you reporting self employment income on Schedule C?  That is Contract Labor on Schedule C line 11.

How to enter Contract Labor

https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/entering-importing/help/how-do-i-enter-contract-labor/00/27407