Where your employer has its headquarters isn't actually relevant to your personal income tax return, or taxes (e.g.,
Virginia). Where your employer operates its business isn't actually
relevant to your personal income tax return, or taxes, either (e.g., Connecticut).
What
is relevant to your personal income taxes is where you actually live
(or are "domiciled" in the language of the tax code), and where you
physically work.
Your home state of residence has the (legal) right to tax your
wage income wherever you work, even at an out-of-state location. The
state where you physically work also has that same right to tax. But in
neither case does it matter where your employer is located. That could
be another state; it could also be another country. To you, the
individual worker, that factor is irrelevant.
Thus, in your
resident state, as well as in the state where you work, you would need
to file a personal income tax return. To the extent that two states tax
the very same income, there is a mechanism called a "tax credit" that
takes care of restoring fairness to such a situation of double-taxed
income.
However, if you both live and work in the same state (as the majority of people do) and that state has an income tax (like Connecticut), then you would have just a single state tax return to file. In this case that state return would be Connecticut. You would not need to file a state tax return in Virginia, unless you physically lived or worked there at some point during the year.
Of course, a federal income tax return is still required
for the IRS in any event.
Hopefully that explanation makes sense, and thank you for asking this important question.
