Correct. If you have a penalty of $23 this year, that would mean you over-contributed by $383. If you leave the excess in the account and contribute less in 2026, that will use up the excess. Note that you must be $383 less than whatever your 2026 limit will be. IRA contributions are capped at $7000, or $8000 if over 55, but your ability to make a Roth contribution, or a deductible contribution to a traditional IRA, might be less than the maximum due to your income and other situations.