MightyHet, if you do not entirely pay back the loan when you leave the employer, the balance to your credit in the plan would be reduced by the amount of the outstanding loan, but that reduction would not be taxed a second time. Amounts that you did pay back after the deemed distribution become after tax basis in the plan that would proportionately reduce the amount of any distributions that you subsequently receive from the plan, so the paid-back amounts are not taxed again either.