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If your son is married you could give  him 19,000 and  his spouse 19,000 for a total of 38,000.  If you are married you and your spouse can each give him 19,000.  When you took the IRA withdrawal did you first put it in your bank account, then write him check etc?  

It's a personal decision as to whether to meet the safe harbor requirements. I had taxpayers that preferred to pay the penalties for one reason or another. economically, it's what you earn on the taxes not paid vs what's earned on that money after taxes and penalties. there are other ways to avoid or reduce underpayment of estimated tax penalties  1) 90% of the current year tax.  2) annualized installment method 3) some taxpayers can control their withholding and may under-withhold early in the year and over-withhold later in the year. sometimes this is normal due to year-end bonuses. taxpayers have the choice of reporting withholding as 1/4 each period or the actual amount. 

You will be paying tax on the money you took out of the IRA---watch for the 1099R that will come in January/early February.   To enter your retirement income, Go to  Federal> Wages and Income>Retirement Plans and Social Security>IRA  401 k) Pension Plan Withdrawals to enter your 1099R.       I PAID TAX ON THE RETIREMENT MONEY ALREADY You had tax withheld from the distributions from the retirement account, just like when an employer withheld tax from your paychecks.  When you enter it all into the software, the calculations are done to reconcile the amount of income you received and the amount of tax that was withheld.  You might owe more or you might get a refund.   GIFTS   Gifts given to family members, friends or other individuals are not deductible.   Gifts received are not taxable to the person who received the gift, and are not entered on a tax return.   If your gift exceeds the yearly limit ($19,000 per individual)  imposed by the gift tax rules, then you will need to complete a Form 709 gift tax form and send it to the IRS, although it is very unlikely that you will owe any tax.   TurboTax does not support Form 709.  It is not an income tax form and would not be included as part of an income tax return.   Here is a link to the form: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f709.pdf   https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/estates/the-gift-tax-made-simple/L5tGWVC8N     Here's a link for Form 709 preparation software:  https://www.puritas-springs.com/product-category/federal  

Yes the safe harbor helps when you have a significant increase in income.  You could win the lottery and still not have a penalty or owe tax until April as long as you met the prior year safe harbor.   When your income is then steady from year to year you would more likely benefit from paying 90% of current year tax (estimated) rather than 110% of prior year and it's time to just set up quarterly estimated tax payments.  you can always adjust the quarterly ES down later in the year if your estimates come in lower, but can't increase them later in the year to make up for earlier quarters.  To the extent you can increase withholding that will reduce the ES due if needed.  When you do your 2025 filing you can adjust the 2026 estimates and optimize the ES vouchers under Other Tax Situations / Form W4 and Estimated Taxes section.   Form 2210 is helpful to review, lines 1-9 have the safe harbor calc.  It's not normally filed unless you opt for one of the exceptions (e.g. AI method) and won't appear in the forms list by default on TT desktop but if you double click thru line 38 on 1040 and again on the worksheet it will show 2210.    

How do you "call it in?" What's the number to call if you downloaded the wrong state and need to remove it to download the correct state for FREE (first state is included in the license for the version of TurboTax Deluxe for Mac that I purchased).   

Putting the interview question about full-time student under "uncommon" situations does make it tricky-----and the lesson here is do NOT go fast when you are preparing your tax return.  Read everything.

TurboTax does not mail your returns to you.   You can print them out for yourself.         You have to access your own account and/or  print it for yourself using exactly the same account and user ID that you used when you prepared the return.    https://myturbotax.intuit.com/   Start a 2025 return online and enter some personal information  so that the menu on the left opens up and lets you access your past year returns.   https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/prior-year-return/help/how-do-i-access-my-prior-year-return/01/27010     https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/import-export-data-files/save-2021-turbotax-online-return-pdf/L8dHfRkpT_US_en_US?uid=m5y4ch1y   Many people have multiple TT accounts and forget how to access them.  Log out of the account you are in now.     https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/account-management/many-intuit-accounts-turbotax/L9aVfKS1Z_US_en_US?uid=ll5g6zcx Account Recovery     Or did you use the desktop version of TurboTax?  If so, the files are on your own hard drive or any backup device you used like a flash drive.     hhttps://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/tax-return/find-last-year-tax-data-file-tax-file-computer/L0XJvPaJr_US_en_US?uid=m6gufxei     https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/data-systems/find-tax-data-file-mac/L4VNGm33S_US_en_US?uid=m6guhab0 You can get a free transcript from the IRS or for a fee of $30, an actual copy of your tax return. https://www.irs.gov/individuals/get-transcript https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f4506.pdf       SAVE YOUR TAX RETURNS ! EVERY year before mid-October you should save a copy of your tax return as a pdf and print a copy of it for your records.  That way you will not be searching online frantically when you need it for a lender, FAFSA forms, your next tax return, etc.    https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/import-export-data-files/save-2021-turbotax-online-return-pdf/L8dHfRkpT_US_en_US?uid=m6guj526   https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/import-export-data-files/save-2021-turbotax-online-return-pdf/L8dHfRkpT_US_en_US?uid=m78eb8pc In order to transfer a past year return to the new return you need the tax file   https://ttlc.intuit.com/turbotax-support/en-us/help-article/import-export-data-files/save-turbotax-online-return-tax-data-file/L4xwOG3LF_US_en_US?uid=m6guk3xl   NOTE:  TurboTax and the IRS save returns for seven years.  Returns older than seven years are purged.           If you do not have a working printer:   I DO NOT HAVE A PRINTER—WHAT CAN I DO?   We cannot solve your printer problem for you  TurboTax cannot print it for you.   If you do not have a working printer,  you can access your account from any computer that has internet access and print your return. Or save it to a flash drive.   Perhaps you need to see if a friend or relative can let you print from a computer with a printer.  Or print it at a UPS place or Staples, etc.