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Through several sources I learned that you can claim the Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit if your tax liability is less than $2,000, but the amount of the credit is limited to the amount of taxes you actually owe.  The credit is nonrefundable, meaning it can reduce your tax bill to zero, but you cannot receive any excess amount back as a refund. Also, any unused credit for this program cannot be carried forward to future tax years, unlike the Residential Clean Energy Credit for things like solar panels.    Key Points Credit Limit: The credit has annual limits (e.g., up to $2,000 for heat pumps, or $1,200 for other improvements, with an overall annual maximum of $3,200). Tax Liability: The amount you can claim is capped by your total tax liability for the year (the amount of taxes you owe before applying the credit, as shown on your Form 1040). No Carry-Forward: If your potential credit amount (e.g., $2,000) is more than the taxes you owe (e.g., $1,500), you can only use $1,500 of the credit, and the remaining $500 is lost.  Therefore, if you anticipate a low tax liability for the year you make the improvements, you might want to adjust your tax withholdings during the year to ensure you have enough tax liability to offset with the credit.    I went into TT and tested it out and it actually allowed me to take the $2K credit even if I was getting a refund. Also, in the help section it states, "1) Eligible homeowners can claim both residential energy credits when they file their federal income tax return. Because these are credits, not deductions, they increase a taxpayer's refund or reduce the tax he or she owes; and 2) Note: Keep in mind, these are not refundable credits, which means you can take the credit up to the tax owed. There is no refund of any credit amount left over."    These two sentences seem to contradict themselves.   Please clarify for me.