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If you meet the Substantial Presence Test or the Green card Test, then you can file as a US Resident.
If you are a dual status alien, you cannot claim the Standard Deduction, you would need to itemize your return just like you would on your 1040NR.
It also depends on which election you make, if you chose First year choice, it would depend on the day you met the substantial presence test (without regards to the asylum application) as to whether you would still need to file a 1040-NR. If you did not meet the substantial presence test until part way through 2023, and you elected First Year Choice you would have to file as a Dual Status Alien. You would need to file the 1040 form for the time you are treated as a US Resident Alien which can be done through TurboTax along with the statement of election and then you could use Sprintax.com to file the 1040NR for the part of the year that you are treated as a Non-Resident Alien.
"If you make the first-year choice, your residency starting date for 2023 is the first day of the earliest 31-day period (described in (1) above) that you use to qualify for the choice. You are treated as a U.S. resident for the rest of the year. If you are present for more than one 31-day period and you satisfy condition (2) above for each of those periods, your residency starting date is the first day of the first 31-day period. If you are present for more than one 31-day period but you satisfy condition (2) above only for a later 31-day period, your residency starting date is the first day of the later 31-day period." Pub 519
Basically, the options you listed are all possible based on what date you met the substantial presence test and how you would like to file.
If you are married, it is possible that you could choose to be treated as a Resident Alien for the entire year. In this situation, you would be able to take the standard deduction.
"Choosing Resident Alien Status If you are a dual-status alien, you can choose to be treated as a U.S. resident for the entire year if all of the following apply.
This includes situations in which both you and your spouse were nonresident aliens at the beginning of the tax year and both of you are resident aliens at the end of the tax year.
Note. If you are single at the end of the year, you cannot make this choice. If you make this choice, the following rules apply.
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