You can - but you need to be very careful about doing so and I wouldn't recommend you go back in unless there is a real need. You should be able to get any answers you need by just downloading the pdf of your return (choose the All Forms and Worksheets option to get the most data).
If you change the answers to any of the questions (even by accident), this will change your tax file in TurboTax permanently (the changes won't actually be sent to the IRS, but it changes the TurboTax data). This will cause significant issues if you ever need to amend your return as now your return will not be the same as your original. You would then need to backtrack any changes you made in order to amend.
But, if you still want to access your return after filing, here are the steps:
- Log into your account
- On your Tax Homepage, scroll towards the very bottom of your page
- Underneath the area where it shows your Tax Returns, you should see an option to "Add a State"
- Click this Add a State button
- This will allow you back into your return (and you won't need to actually add a state)