No, you can't file that early. The Turbotax forms won't be finalized until January 15 or so, and the IRS won't open for e-filing until January 20 or so.
You could potentially print the forms from the IRS web site (if they are ready) and mail in your return. But, your tax return must be based on the full calendar year 1/1/17 through 12/31/17. If you change your state of residence, or your dependent status, partway through the year, you don't save money by filing early. (For example, if you move from a high tax state to Tennessee in September for school or work, you would still file a part-year return from the high tax state to pay income tax on the money you earned in that state while you were living there, no matter when you actually file your tax return.)
You also have to be careful about residency. If you live in a high tax state now, and go to school in Tennessee, it is likely that your home state will consider your college move to be temporary and may attempt to assess a full year tax as if you were still a resident. (You are still a resident of your home state if you are temporarily out of state.) You will need to read the residency requirements for Tennessee and your home state to make sure you will be able to prove that you moved and established legitimate permanent residency in Tennessee, in case you are audited by your former home state.
