I was paid $3500 (wired directly to my bank account) by a foreign non-profit for independent contract work I performed in my home state (DC). Do I need to file a 1099?

[jtax]

You don't need to file a 1099 for receiving income. You file a 1099 for paying, for example, subcontractors when you are a business. 

You must report the $3500 as income on your Schedule C (if you are self-employed). Whether you receive a 1099 or not (or any other information form) has no bearing on whether you must report the income. You must report all worldwide income unless there is a specific exclusion.

In the business/self-employed/independent contractor TT interview it will ask you if you have any income not reported to you on a 1099-MISC. Just say yes and tell TT the amount, answering any follow up questions.

If you need help finding that section, please ask.