Yes, check your closing statement.
Usually real estate taxes are on the 1098 in a supplemental area if you pay out of escrow. However, they are not a part of the actual boxes of the 1098 itself. Because you purchased your home late in the year, it makes sense that you don't see anything from after closing
- If the amounts paid after closing are not shown on the 1098 paper, check the escrow statement that your mortgage lender should have provided. Deduct only the amounts paid to the locality. You may pay a set amount through your mortgage payment, but you only deduct the amount that actually went out of escrow and to your locality. You may not have this.
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Check your Hud-1 closing statement for the real estate taxes paid back to the seller. You should see these taxes in section Adjustment for items paid by seller in advance.
https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=1.pdf