It may not take effect for this year's taxes. Noncustodial parents, whose child support debts meet the criteria for Federal Tax Refund Offset, receive a Pre-Offset Notice explaining the process. The notice includes an initial debt amount--the amount of past-due child support owed at the time the notice is sent. If you haven't received a notice like this yet, it's possible that your 2016 tax refund won't be offset.
See this link to the Federal
Tax Refund offset program. Also, you can contact the agency with which you have a debt to determine if your debt was submitted for a tax refund offset.
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