So sorry to hear about your health issues. But, no there is not a higher standard deduction for saying you are disabled. The standard deduction is higher if you are 65 or over, or if you are legally blind. There are no special credits or deductions for being disabled on a federal return. Your state tax laws might be different.
If you are receiving Veteran's benefits those benefits are not taxable and do not get entered on a tax return.
**Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to offer the most correct information possible. The poster disclaims any legal responsibility for the accuracy of the information that is contained in this post.**