When you say "the healthcare premium deduction" I assume you are talking about the self-employed health insurance deduction, not an itemized deduction for medical expenses on Schedule A. I see at least two reasons that you will not be able to claim the self-employed health insurance deduction.
The policy has to be either in your name or the name of your business. A policy in your spouse's name, from healthcare.gov or anywhere else, apparently does not qualify for the deduction.
The other problem is that "You can't take the deduction for any month you were eligible to participate in any employer (including your spouse's) subsidized health plan at any time during that month, even if you didn't actually participate." [IRS Publication 535, page 23] It seems that you were eligible to get insurance from your spouse's employer, but you chose not to. Almost all employer-provided insurance plans are subsidized by the employer. Since you were eligible to participate in an insurance plan subsidized by your spouse's employer, you cannot claim the self-employed health insurance deduction.
You can, of course, include any health insurance premiums that you pay in your medical expenses on Schedule A if you itemize deductions. That includes the net amount that you or your spouse paid for the healthcare.gov coverage, but not including any part of the premium that was covered by the premium tax credit. The deduction for medical expenses is reduced by 7.5% of your AGI, and your total itemized deductions have to be more than your standard deduction to get any tax benefit from the medical expense deduction.
