This could happen if you didn't take the RMD(Required minimum Distribution).
Or, If you contributed more than you are allowed in a given tax year to your retirement account.
Form 5329 is used to report additional taxes on:
- IRAs,
- Other qualified retirement plans,
- Modified endowment contracts,
- Coverdell ESAs,
- QTPs,
- Archer MSAs,
- HSAs, or
- ABLE accounts.
For more details please check DianeW777 response
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