Pending means the state has not yet accepted or rejected the tax return. It is up to the state to pull e-filed state tax returns from the servers.
If you had taxes owed, the date/time you e-filed the state return will be used so there should be no issue with the state about receiving the taxes owed in a timely manner.
If you had a state tax refund you can file the state tax return after the due date with no penalties.