Spouse doesn't have SSN. We live & work abroad. Can't process forms without it, how do I continue?

[Donal]

I'm no expert but maybe a W-7

https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-w-7

[Mike9241]

here are instructions for w-7. since it's an initial request you'll have to mail in your 1040 with w-7 attached

Applying for an ITIN for the first time. If you’ve never had an
ITIN before and are submitting an application for a new ITIN,
include the following in your application package.
1. Your completed Form W-7.
Note. If you submit a Form W-7, all future ITIN notices and
correspondence that you receive will be in English. If you prefer
to receive them in Spanish, submit Form W-7(SP).
2. Your original tax return(s) for which the ITIN is needed.
Attach Form W-7 to the front of your tax return. If you’re applying
for more than one ITIN for the same tax return (such as for a
spouse or dependent(s)), attach all Forms W-7 to the same tax
return. Leave the area of the SSN blank on the tax return for
each person who is applying for an ITIN. After your Form W-7
has been processed, the IRS will assign an ITIN to the return
and process the return.

if you are due a refund, this could take many mionths.