in the 2018 return there is a st refund wks that shows the computation of taxable portion of the refund. it takes into account AMT paid in 2017, standard deduction, sales tax, etc .
if what you did was to take your 2017 return and reduce the state income tax deduction by the refund amount, if your taxes increased then you got a benefit from the state tax deduction making the refund partially or wholly taxable.