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No
The child cannot be your dependent unless the child lives with you for more than half the year.
There is an option where the custodial parent can release the right to claim the child to you, but there are rules and restrictions to that.
If you and your Former Spouse agree, she could release the right to you, however it is not the same as if the child is your true dependent.
You would need to have supplied more than half the support for the child.
In TurboTax you would select "Yes, I have a custody agreement, divorce decree or other written agreement with the child's other parent"
and "No, the child's other parent will not claim him this year"
HERE is a link with more information
Q. Can I claim my son (who lives with his mother) as a dependent. I pay child support as well as other things.
A. No, unless she gives you a signed IRS form 8332, releasing the dependency to you.
The custodial parent has first priority on claiming the children on her taxes; regardless of the amount of support provided by the non-custodial parent. The IRS goes by physical custody, not legal custody. The non-custodial parent can only claim the child as a dependent if the custodial parent gives permission (on form 8332) or if it's spelled out in a pre 2009 divorce decree. (without conditions - usually the payment of child support). Even if a divorce decree, dated after 2008, gives the non-custodial parent the right to claim the child, he must still get form 8332 from the custodial parent. https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f8332.pdf
There is a special rule in the case of divorced & separated (including never married) parents. When the non-custodial parent is claiming the child as a dependent/exemption/child tax credit; the custodial parent is still allowed to claim the same child for Earned Income Credit, Head of Household filing status, and day care credit. This "splitting of the child" is not available to parents who lived together at any time during the last 6 months of the year; then only one of you can claim the child for any tax reasons. The tax benefits may not be split in any other manner.
Note in particular that the non-custodial parent can never claim the Earned Income Credit, Head of Household filing status or the day care credit, based on that child, even when the custodial parent has released the dependency to him.
A child can be the “qualifying child” dependent of any close relative in the household. If she live with someone else, e.g. her parents, she could allow them to claim him.
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