I sold my main home in 2019. Turbotax calculated my gain at $119K but my check from settlement was only $87K. Also TurboTax did not request my mortgage payoff. Why?

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Because the "mortgage payoff" plays absolutely no part in determining your gain or loss on the sale of the home. The gain (or loss) is a very simple calculation:

Selling price after deducting selling costs, (commissions, etc.) minus your cost basis.

The equation is unchanged and not affected by how you happened to finance the home purchase. The money that went to the lender as part of the sale settles your liability to the lender, it doesn't affect the calculation of the profit or loss.