United States non residents are not required to file a return unless they have income subject to tax.
If all you have is the K-1 from a limited partnership that shows a loss, you do not have to file as you have no income subject to tax.
However, you may want to file a return to track the loss and possibly have it carried forward to offset future income.
A great resource if you are seeking more information is IRS Publication 519, US Tax Guide for Aliens.
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