I paid $1,923 when I filed the extension. After correcting and completing my return it shows a refund of roughly $341. Does that mean I should have only owed $1582 and am now received a refund of the recent overpayment? Or would it mean that I shouldn't have owed anything, should be getting a $341 refund, and will now be getting my $1,923 payment returned to me?
For your answers LOOK at the form and not just at the Refund-O-Meter ... look for the extension payment Schedule 3, line 9 ... was it included in the payments section ?
You can view your entire return or just your 1040 form before you e-file:
As Critter-3 mentioned, "payment with extension" should show up on Schedule 3, Line 9. It will also be included in the figure showing on your Form 1040, Line 31. You should be able to Preview both forms with the steps she provided above.
If you used TurboTax to file the extension, it "may" be prepopulated, but you need to check.
If your extension payment has not been reported, here are the navigation steps to do so. You can also go through the steps as another way to confirm it has been reported.