Unfortunately, if you take the Standard Deduction on your Federal return, you are not able to Itemize on your Missouri return. You must use the Standard Deduction on your state return as well.
However, if you Itemize on your Federal return, you have the option of either Itemizing or using the Standard Deduction on your Missouri return.
https://dor.mo.gov/forms/MO-1040%20Instructions_2018.pdf (pgs 7-8)