Do I need to pay taxes if I received a check more than $14000 If the donor doesn't declare the money as a gift?

A gift is not taxed.

any gift tax reporting requirement is the donor's issue.

"Gift Tax" is somewhat of a misnomer.  Even though a gift tax return may be required, very few people ever actually pay federal gift tax. The purpose of the gift tax return is usually only to document a reduction in the allowable estate tax exemption.
See https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Tax-Planning-and-Checklists/The-Gift-Tax-Made-Simple/INF12127.html

If you know, for sure, the purpose and intent of the check is as a gift to you, you don't need to worry about it.