Where on the MN tax form do I enter myI 2023 estimated tax payments?

You don't; you enter them on the federal return.   There is a box for State Estimated Taxes paid in 2023.   Once you enter them there, TurboTax will transfer them to your state return.  

Where do I enter estimated tax payments?

To enter, edit or delete estimated taxes paid (Federal, State, Local) -

Click on Federal Taxes (Personal using Home and Business)
Click on Deductions and Credits
Click on I'll choose what I work on (if shown)
Scroll down to Estimates and Other Taxes Paid
On Estimates, click on the start or update button

Or enter estimates paid in the Search box located in the upper right of the online program screen. Click on Jump to estimates paid

Or click on Tax Tools on the left side of the online program screen.
Click on Tools
Click on Topic Search
Type in estimated tax payments, click on GO