where do i report 2023 taxes that were paid in 2024?

You do not need to enter information about the taxes due and paid for your 2023 balance due.  

You can enter the state taxes paid.

Enter it under
Federal Taxes (or Personal for H&B)
Deductions and Credits
Then scroll way down to Estimates and Other Taxes Paid
Other Income Taxes - Click the Start or Update button

Next page scroll down to Other Income Taxes Paid in 2024
Balance due on your 2023 State taxes paid in 2024
or Payments for 2022 or a prior year state or local paid in 2024